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Objective@#To investigate the cognitive processing characteristics of Chinese adjective-noun constructions.@*Methods@#Self-paced reading paradigm was adopted in the experiment, with sixty right-handed native speakers of Chinese (aged from 17 to 20 years old) as the participants/subjects. The sixty pairs of experimental materials were categorized into four conditions: high frequency plus concrete, high frequency plus abstract, low frequency plus concrete, and low frequency plus abstract construction.@*Results@#The construction with high frequency was significantly higher than the one with low frequency in terms of collocation judgement accuracy(high frequency plus concrete: (95.7±0.12)%, low frequency plus concrete: (49.2±0.45)%; high frequency plus abstract: (91.7±0.18)%, low frequency plus abstract: (44.0±0.42)%; Ffrequency=312.33, P<0.05), regardless of whether the head involved was abstract or concrete. Moreover, the judgement accuracy was higher when the construction was high frequency and its head was concrete than when the construction was low frequency and its head was abstract (P<0.05). The repeated ANOVA results showed that there were no striking differences in the participant's reaction time (RT) of the adjective(P>0.05), but the constructions with high frequency were processed more quickly and accurately than those with low frequency (high frequency plus concrete: (968.34±229.60) ms , low frequency plus concrete: (1 610.88 ±778.73)ms; high frequency plus abstract: (1 074.64±453.87)ms , low frequency plus abstract: (1 585.36±873.12)ms; Ffrequency=48.258, P<0.05) and the concreteness effect of head nouns was not significant in the meanwhile (Fabstract=1.814, P>0.05). The ANOVA on the RT of collocation correctness judgement revealed that the whole constructions with high frequency were responded more quickly than those with low frequency (high frequency plus concrete: (330.76±68.08) ms , low frequency plus concrete: (465.69 ±2 014.09)ms; high frequency plus abstract: (357.90±91.11)ms , low frequency plus abstract: (468.26±244.93)ms; Ffrequency=35.29, P<0.05). However, the concreteness effect of head noun was still not found on the processing of adjective-noun construction (Fabstract=0.424, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#On the processing of the Chinese adjective-noun constructions out of context, the frequency effect of the entire construction is significant but the concreteness effect of head noun doesn't work in the current experiment.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare therapeutic efficacies of Shengxuening tablet and Iron sucrose injection for anemia in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients,and their effects on oxidative stress and micro-inflammation state. METHODS:80 pa-tients who had received MHD over half year were assigned into shengxuening group and iron sucrose group with 40 cases in each group. Both groups received MHD 3 times a week,4 h/time,blood flow of 200~300 ml/min;erythropoietin(EPO)was used at a dose of 10 000 IU/time hypodermically in each group. Shengxuening group was additionally given Shengxuening tablet orally,0.5 g/time,tid. Iron sucrose group was given Iron sucrose injection 100 mg 2 h intravenously via dialyser after the beginning of hemo-dialysis,twice a week,received iron treatment every one week until complete the total dose of 1 000 mg,to maintain ferritin be-tween 100~300 μg/L. The levels of Hb,Hct,SF,TSAT,hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,MDA,SOD and GSH-Px were tested in 2 groups before and 12 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS:After 12 weeks of treatment,the levels of Hb,Hct,SF and TSAT in 2 groups were significantly increased,with statistical significance (P0.05). Compared with before treatment,the levels of hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α and MDA increased significantly in iron sucrose group,while SOD and GSH-Px levels declined significantly,with statistical significance (P<0.01). Above indicators of shengxuening group had no significant change,compared with before treatment;there was statistical significance between 2 groups after treatment(P<0.01). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Therapeutic efficacy of shengxuening is simi-lar to that of iron sucrose in improving the anemia and iron deficiency status of MHD patients,but doesn't aggravate oxidative stress and micro-inflammation state. It is an safe and effective oral iron supplement drugs.
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Objective To study the effect of LDYS-14007 on JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathways.Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 10μmol,1 nmol LDYS-14007, and 10 μmol Tofacitinib,respectively.Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of JAK1,Phospho-JAK1, STAT3 and Phospho-STAT3.Results The absorbance value was linearly related to the concentration of protein C, The linear equation is A=0.0075C+0.0029, r=0.9976, The linear range of 1.08-5.08 mg/mL, With the increased concentration of LDYS-14007, the amount of Phospho-JAK1, Phospho-STAT3 were all gradually decreased.Conclusion LDYS-14007 leads to the levels of Phospho-JAK1 and Phospho-STAT3 decrease, which inhibits JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway.LDYS-14007 may play an important role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Objective To investigate the different distribution and expression of mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) in the kidney of diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice.Methods Fourteen eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 2 groups: the control group ( n=7 ) and the streptozotocin ( STZ )-induced DN group ( n=7 ) . Blood and urinary variables including glucose , albumin, creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratio were assessed 2 weeks after STZ injection.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for renal pathological analyses .The distributions of mTOR , phosph-ser2448-mTOR(p-mTOR), mTORC1(Raptor), mTORC2(Rictor) and phosph-ser240/244-S6K1 (p-S6K1) were determined by immunofluorescence.The expression levels of mTOR, p-mTOR, mTORC1(Raptor), mTORC2(Rictor), S6K1 and p-S6K1 were detected by Western blotting .Results Two weeks after STZ injection , the diabetic mice developed albuminuria (P<0.01) and renal hypertrophy (P<0.05).The immunofluorescence positive staining for mTOR , Raptor, and Rictor was distributed in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules , glomerular mesangium and capillary loops as well as the medullary collecting ducts of the control mouse kidney .These positive signals increased in the DN mouse kidney ( P<0.05).However, pS6K1 was not detected in the inner medulla of control mouse and p-mTOR was not found in the glomeruli of both control and DN mice .Conclusion mTORC is widely expessed in the mouse kidney and participates in the development of DN , whereas the 2448 serine phosphorylation of mTOR may be not implicated in the hyperglycemia mediated glomerular injury .
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In this study, the effects of hyperosmolality on the expression of urea transporter A2 (UTA2) and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) were investigated in transfected immortalized mouse medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cell line. AQP2-GFP-pCMV6 and UTA2-GFP-pCMV6 plasmids were stably transfected into mIMCD3 cells respectively. Transfected mIMCD3 and control cells were cultured in different hypertonic media, which were made by NaCl alone, urea alone, or an equiosmolar mixture of NaCl and urea. The mRNA and protein expression of AQP2 was elevated by the stimulation of NaCl alone, urea alone and NaCl plus urea in AQP2-mIMCD3 cells; whereas NaCl alone and NaCl plus urea rather than urea alone increased the mRNA and protein expression of UTA2 in UTA2-mIMCD3 cells, and all the expression presented an osmolality-dependent manner. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of UTA2 rather than AQP2 was found to be synergistically up-regulated by a combination of NaCl and urea in mIMCD3 cells. It is concluded that NaCl and urea synergistically induce the expression of UTA2 rather than AQP2 in mIMCD3 cells, and hyperosmolality probably mediates the expression of AQP2 and UTA2 through different mechanisms.